Remember, you can’t use one without the other. Cari tahu tanggal pre-order album yang akan. It just depends on the group because they don't do it with every group. Berikut beberapa istilah K-pop yang sering muncul dan wajib kamu ketahui. And each comeback. 2. Definition: An idol that excels in talent and takes the K-Pop world by storm, earning themselves a legendary status in some type of way. 1. Among terms K-Pop fans use, 'Bias' is the one you'll hear the most often. For trading, you can use “wtt (where to trade, want to trade)” and “lft (looking for trader). Poppe Shop. pob. 18K subscribers in the kpopcollections community. Lightstick. What does POSM mean? POSM is an acronym for Point of Sale Marketing or Point of Sale Materials and is used by brands to convey their message or communicate information to the consumers at the point of sale. A lot of stores will have their own POBs or exclusives. BTS consists of rappers Rap Monster, Suga and J-Hope and vocalists Jin, Jimin, V and Jungkook. Quezon City, Metro Manila. Kpop music is short for Korean popular music. POB in K-pop refers to the place where an idol was born. The genre gained popularity in the early 1990s and has since become a global phenomenon, with a dedicated fanbase and widespread internet popularity. 21 sold. Zodiac Sign: Aquarius. ETA - Estimated Time of Arrival. Top 10 K-Pop Music Videos // Subscribe: // TIMESTAMPS BELOWBe sure to visit our Suggest Tool and Submit Ideas that you would like to see. Be Ver. POB - Place Of Birth. 14. . The POB from everline and makestar and I think Apple Music, don’t have tabs. POB của nhóm nhạc BTS. The exact origins of the term are unclear, but it was largely popularized by YouTuber Haley Pham and has been used online since as early as 2008, seeing increased popularity in. Remember, you can’t use one without the other. O. type of: compartment. These are more “unique” positions—there can be multiple lead vocalists and a whole array of members in the dance line and a couple of visuals per. B-Cut Film Mini Photobook - 1 out of 3 (Random) Pre-order only. Alternative Meanings. There’s an interesting conversation to be had about the type, though. the first place to start is to figure out what you want to collect. 2nd payment is sometimes needed if the Group Order didn't have enough. Providing the latest and updated South Korean Pop songs, lyrics, music videos. 3. What is POB meaning in Engineering? 1 meaning of POB abbreviation related to Engineering: 1. A quick check on Twitter, where K-pop fans are most active, will bring you to countless posts filled with photos, videos and group orders for K-pop albums. Business POB abbreviation meaning defined here. Q: A: What is the meaning of POB abbreviation? The meaning of POB abbreviation is "Post Office Box". O Profile & Facts. 64. starting your account. Located at the Myeongdong Station, this shopping center offers inexpensive goodies like stickers, posters, calendars, and other unofficial K-Pop and K-drama memorabilia. In October 2017, he became a contestant on JTBC's reality survival show MIXNINE. – Her mother is Korean and her father, Nabil David Huening is German, but was born in Brazil. POB Meaning in K-pop - POB, or Place of Birth, is a common term used in the K-pop industry to refer to an idol's hometown or birthplace. Governmental » US Government -- and more. List the best pages for the search, Pob Definition. Untuk mendapatkan POB, kamu dapat mengikuti pre-order album di website atau toko yang telah bekerjasama dengan agensi. OT Meaning in K-Pop. Visual The visual in a K-pop group is the member considered the most striking or visually appealing. Keep reading to learn more about where the term comes from, whether it’s positive or negative, and more. Tsuki (Korean: 츠키; Japanese: つき) is a Japanese singer, lyricist, dancer, model and MC under MYSTIC Story. J-pop (Japanese: ジェイポップ, jeipoppu; often stylized in all caps; an abbreviated form of "Japanese popular music"), natively also known simply as pops (ポップス, poppusu), is the name for a form of popular music that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s. K-drama star Seo In-guk on new single album Love & Love and Cafe Minamdang. Learn more. Most of the time, G. So what exactly are. These initial groups — Sechs Kies, S. List of 150 best POB meaning forms based on popularity. Độ hiếm: Card POB thường được cung cấp số lượng giới hạn và chỉ có sẵn cho những người đặt hàng trước (Pre-Order), điều này tạo ra một sức hút đặc biệt đối với người hâm mộ. Quantity. On February 19, 2021, it was confirmed that Yeosang, along with Weeekly's. Card POB được coi là vật phẩm đáng mong đợi trong cộng đồng K-Pop vì nó có những đặc điểm và giá trị sau: 1. Written by MasterClass. vn của Trường THPT Phan Đình Phùng. as exploited commercially. Possible POB meaning as an acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term vary from category to category. " K-POP (usually stylized as "K-Pop" or "k-pop") is a genre of popular music which originated in South Korea in the 1990s, and is now popular throughout the world. Geralmente, não aceitamos membros novos, Caso não seja aceito, Não fique triste, você não iria querer entrar. O (피오) is a South Korean rapper, singer and actor under Seven Seasons. Yeji (Korean: 예지; Japanese: イェジ) is a South Korean singer and dancer under JYP Entertainment. O. Aviation, Oilfield, Aircraft. Gunna explained that the ‘P’ stands for ‘player,’ although it can also stand for. For other people known as 'Sunoo', see Sunwoo. Ready Ver. Phenomena on Break (comics) POB. With all this in mind, digital sales are more. Berikut adalah lima barang yang kerap menjadi ciri khas penggemar k-pop, seperti dirangkum oleh tim kumparan (kumparan. Another way of saying partial retweet • DM = Direct message. August 29th, 2021. If there's no second payment, you only pay for the item price stated + mailing to your address. Location: 124 Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea. In group orders, you are not ordering directly from a store but from a fan who is coordinating a bulk order. Linked POB - A linked performance obligation (POB) is an implicitly. Folded Poster Pre-order only. Chinese Zodiac Sign: Sheep/Goat. 2. What does POB mean as an abbreviation? 150 popular meanings of POB abbreviation: 50 Categories. She is the leader of the girl group ITZY. designating or of a realistic art style, esp. POB Meaning in K-Pop: An Easy Guide for Collectors K-POP HQ. It was released on November 6, 2023 with "Crush" serving as the album's title track. Acronyms used interchangeably with EOD include, end of business (EOB), end of play (EOP), close of play (COP. The photocard consist only 1 member, but postcard can consist 1 member or group. K-pop is a multi-billion-dollar industry and one of South Korea's most significant cultural exports. : popular music originating in South Korea and encompassing a variety of styles. Image is without a doubt one of the biggest differences between K-Pop and J-Pop. Soundwave was good for Noeasy but their Evel was okay, the holo makes me dizzy. This includes the crew members as well as the passengers. What is PD in K-pop? Meaning In Kpop Album (POB) is a mini photo book that contains photos of each band member. "Pop!" is a song recorded by South Korean singer Nayeon for her debut extended play, Im Nayeon. What does POB stand for? POB stands for "Post Office Box". 1. 5:42 AM · Jun 14, 2021. K-Pop Positions Explained. Dunia KPop bukan hanya tentang musik tapi juga meliputi apa pun yang berhubungan dengan idola dan negara mereka termasuk beberapa istilah yang. 90. 10/01/2023. If you are looking to build custom applications and processes; track. . Not only do you have no worries to buy the album later in the future but you get the security of getting it before it sells out. In Korean culture, one’s birthplace is considered an important part of their identity, so knowing an idol’s POB can help fans feel closer to them. K-pop is the name of a pop music sensation that originated in South Korea and is sweeping the globe. Your online K-shopping therapy. List of 150 best POB meaning forms based on popularity. POB means persons on board. POB - What does POB stand for? The Free Dictionary. Works the same way as email • CX = Correction • CT = Cuttweet. Why K-pop fans go crazy over photocards. STRAY KIDS OFFICIAL LIGHTSTICK VER. The point of purchase (POP) and the point of sale (POS) are two sides of the same coin; both describe the interaction between a business and a customer in terms of where and how products are. Military, Government, Ministry Of Defense. Whether it’s a nickname given to an idol by fans or used as a tagline in their profile. But in K-pop, the word is a bit more nuanced than that, and can mean different things to different people. Aespa debuted. He is the leader of the boy group ATEEZ. List of 150 best POB meaning forms based on popularity. 5 x 8. Pre-debut meaning in K-Pop. As such, in K-Pop fandoms, OT is usually followed by the number of members in a group. “ 樂-STAR (ROCK-STAR) ” is Stray Kids ‘ 8th Mini Album. The album consists of 8 tracks. Berikut beberapa istilah K-pop yang sering muncul dan wajib kamu ketahui. It depends on the group and the album. Another plus is that they also have Kpop merchandise, which sets them apart from the others. What POB Means in K-Pop Are you giddy with anticipation to purchase the newest album by your favorite Korean pop group? You might be able to get your hands on a POB if you place an order with a K-Pop store that is directly operated by the label or if you buy from a local group order that is organized by fans. BLITZERS Members Profile and Facts: BLITZERS (블리처스), previously known as WUZO CIRCLE (pre-debut), is a boy group under WUZO Entertainment. Seoul Stop on X: "PH GO #SeoulStopGO BTS 'BE' Deluxe Edition album Weverse 1890 php Ktown4u 1450 php Deadline of order: until all slots taken Deadline of payment:World's Best KPOP Online store for KPOP Albums, Goods, K-Food and K-Beauty. Poppe Shop. I remember them saying it came with a POB I just can’t remember from what shop“POB/FIRST PRESS/ALBUM INCUSION Ito yung understanding ko dyan sa 3 na yan all these years of ordering and as kpop fan POB - Pre Order Benefits. Persons on Board. POB. O (피오) Birth Name: Pyo Ji-hoon (표지훈) Birthday: February 2, 1993. Withmuu be having the best POBs but it's so expensive shopping with them 😩 Their holographic cards are A++++ And sometimes they do super cute themes like having to idols in teddy bear robes. Here is everything you need to know about the K-pop boy group from its members to its latest music release. The two aforementioned K-pop groups came three to seven years after the success of The SexBomb Girls, when "I Don't Care" (2NE1) and "Genie" (Girls Generation) were almost as ubiquitous here in. Basically a bunch of people going in together on a bulk purchase of goods, usually to lessen the cost of shipping. What does pob mean in kpop? Quora. While scheduling a shutdown or a project, this POB number includes Operations and Support (in this category are the. See BTS. Suggest. Last updated: Jun 7, 2021 • 6 min read. K-pop albums can come in any shape, any size, and can be filled with so much content that fans aren’t sure if they’re flipping through an album leaflet or a series of full-blown print ads. Hongjoong (홍중) is a South Korean rapper, singer-songwriter, and composer under KQ Entertainment. The term “Kpop” is short for Korean Pop music. The POB is a slick term. Here are some of the sub-units of. Wala nito before talaga. A direct-message is a message only you and the person who sent it can read • HT = Hat tip. contiguous: Adjacent. Defining K-pop’s version of “girl crush” presents a logistical challenge because it has such a dynamic meaning. ago. The group is composed of seven members: Changsun, Taehoon, Jiseong, Sunghyuk, Jaejun, Hyunyeop, and Jooan. A crash course on the most important K-pop fandom word. . Show. P. English language (monolingual) [PRO] Bus/Financial - Transport / Transportation / Shipping / Barge Charter. Cardiology. Album musik KPop menjadi daya tarik sendiri di kalangan para KPopers. Technical Twitter abbreviations: • CC = Carbon-copy. PH GO LISA - FIRST SINGLE ALBUM LALISA ktown regular - 645 ktown kit - 850 yg regular - 850 yg kit - 1080 Deadline of. K-pop is known for its synchronized dancing, audiovisual content, internet distribution, and dedicated fanbase. We carry fashion merchandise, albums, and accessories for various K-Pop artists. The title track is “ 락 (樂) (LALALALA) “. Ever since Jackson Wang founded his record label (TEAM WANG) in 2017, he’s truly been coming into his own. However, the documents from which the definitions were drawn may be copyrighted by the original. The Z-Pop are updated on a daily basis. Vote. . By 2016, 50% of all global music revenue was coming from digital downloads and streaming, with just one-third stemming from physical sales. Participate in an event where you can get Polaroid pictures and autographed albums. Kpop Photo Album (POB) – A mini photo book that contains pictures from the entire Kpop band. It is trendy, catchy, and visually appealing to resonate with its relatively young fanbase but beyond that, P-pop tracks hold deeper message with an aim to motivate and empower the listener. Their concept is wild and carefree teens. Usually if it's a POB through a certain retailer (Apple music, Withdrama, MMT, etc) it's a single member/group card, while the full sets are for thrown in as an incentive for all pre-orders no matter where you buy. What does POB mean? Definitions of POB. The actual tunes can be anything from jazz, gospel, classical, swing, hip hop, all the way to rap, rock and metal. The album consists of 8 tracks. 99. 2. POB. 34. Airway Bills are issued by a carrier or the agent representing the carrier and have details such as the shipment contents, the details of the supplier and the recipient, terms, and conditions under which the trade. The more people who participate in a GO, the more likely you are to get the photo cards you want. They debuted on September 4, 2023 with the single album "Get A Guitar". – She was born in S. 12 million copies in 2022! 14. Small K-Pop posters (A4 or US letter size) Miscellaneous K-Pop album inclusions you have to place for, such as POBs; Collecting L-Holders. 5. Proof-of-burn (pob) meaning: proof-of-burn (pob) - a consensus mechanism of creating blocks by burning cryptocurrency. During. 1. if the pob is something that feels personal, like unreleased selfies, yes. Dưới đây là lý do tại sao POB lại được coi là một vật phẩm hấp. The powerhouse girl group — whose name combines the words “avatar,” “experience” and “aspect” — is the first K-pop act to. It’s a common term K-pop fans use to describe the one member of the group who makes you question your love for your declared bias. They aim to be the world's. Some people, however, use the term song instead, meaning “song,” since this term can sound a bit formal. Member sorting is also an option for people that only collect one member and don. O Profile & Facts. Rookie: grup Kpop yang baru debut satu sampai dua tahun. S. A GOM is a group order manager, someone who organizes group orders. The production companies that make it are selling music, sure, but K-pop isn't a musical genre in the classical sense — it has more to do with the country it came from than a category of. In my. Pop music is what is meant by this term. Every year, new K-pop groups make their debut in the hopes that they will become the next big thing. Yeosang (여상) is a South Korean singer under KQ Entertainment. Aviation, Oilfield,. Product of Boredom (webcomic) showing only Slang/Internet Slang definitions ( show all 50 definitions) Note: We have 52 other definitions for POB in our Acronym. . ⇓. Pinterest. Jackson Wang, “LMLY”. Sama dengan "bintang" atau "idola". Valley of Lies (TXT, Iann Dior) 君じゃない誰かの愛し方 (Ring) (2nd Japanese Digital Single) Release Date: August 24, 2022. L-Holder Meaning in K-Pop In a nutshell: An L-holder is a filing product used for storing stationery. Pedestrian on Bike. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The group is known for popularizing the metaverse concept and hyperpop music in K-pop. — He has an older brother. The last POB/Lucky Draw I dropped some cash on was a specific JHope one, not because I particularly collect him but I really liked the photo in the specific photocard image. But the standard size of postcard are 8. Tondo I / Ii, Metro Manila. On October 24, 2018, Hongjoong debuted as the leader of KQ. , other newly established agencies like DSP Media began producing idol groups in rivalry. He was eliminated in episode 10 after ranking 42nd place. 212 “Description of units”: • A description showing the name of the condo, the recording data for the declaration, the county/state, andA normal level of NT-proBNP is: – Less than 125 pg/mL for patients aged 0-74 years. Providing financial services, including personal authentication for financial transactions. Itulah beberapa istilah yang bisa kamu pahami dari dunia K-Pop. What is the Meaning of PoB? Proof of Burn (PoB) is a consensus algorithm used by some cryptocurrencies as an alternative to the more widely used Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) algorithms. ” Jay. In fact even the term POB can be considered an abbreviation for Photo Book. When no time zone is provided, end of day is relative to the sender’s time zone. What Is POB In Kpop Album – A mini photo book that has photos of all the members of that Kpop band. K-pop ( Korean : 케이팝; RR : keipap ), short for Korean popular music, [1] is a form of popular music originating in South Korea as part of South Korean culture. Sort. Price: USD 8-10 / The. Some just want a photocard set and the shipping cost for that is disgustingly high, so there is a lot to save on shipping when ordering through a group order. Então, venho o nome Pob, p*tero, o bonde. “신나라”가 작성한 저작물에 대한 저작권 기타 지적재산권은 “신나라”에 귀속합니다. He was a member of a group with another SB19 member Stell. Sticker books are sometimes included in the POB Meaning Kpop Album. In Life, Stray Kids. KPOPMERCH Official Store has all the K-Pop merch you could ever hope to have -. We are located in South Korea and ship worldwide. Group orders are an easier way to purchase Kpop goods (albums, fan-made merch) from fansites themselves or official shops. POB là gì KPop? Đúng nhất bên dưới để Trường THPT Phan Đình Phùng có thể thay đổi & cải thiện nội dung tốt hơn cho các bạn nhé! Cám ơn bạn đã ghé thăm Website: thptphandinhphung. What does POB mean as an abbreviation? 150 popular meanings of POB abbreviation: 50 Categories. [2] It includes styles and genres from around the world, such as pop, hip hop, R&B, rock, jazz, gospel, reggae, electronic dance, folk, country, disco, and classical on top of its. — Education: Gwangnam High School (graduated). Atau bisa juga melalui pembelian merchandise lain ketika ada konser hingga fanmeeting. (+Weverse POB) BTS JUNG KOOK - GOLDEN (SET) + GOLDEN (Weverse Album Ver. Following H. Persons Onboard. Pre Ordering has many great benefits. com). The term POB is most used for Pre-order benefit photocards. Lucas What Does Kpop Mean By POB? There are a number of Kpop-specific terms and phrases that have emerged as a result of the trend. The usual amount is 1 or 2 photocards per album, but groups like Twice are known to have 3 to 5 photocards per album. They debuted on May. Your ultimate bias is your favourite idol in the whole of kpop. Dalam. K-pop: If you are a K-pop fan and get absorbed in their day to day activities, for eg- enjoying their reality shows such as Run BTS or Blackpink house etc then the term ‘Ships’ might sound quite familiar to you. Stage Name: Sunoo (선우) Birth Name: Kim Seon Woo (김선우) Position: Vocalist*. As we mentioned above, K-Pop is short for Korean Popular Music, and so you may be wondering what Koreans call K-Pop seen as that for Koreans ‘Korean pop music’ is just pop music. pop culture, pop psychology. 1 & 2); 2) It is an album which has 2 versions but have the same song content. Birthday: June 24, 2003. Pop It Fidget Toy Get it Now: 50% Off Today. A “Double Album” can be interpreted 2-ways in KPOP: 1) It is an album which spans 2 units or CD’s with different song content in it (this is a rare type of album In KPOP, the last one that I’ve seen is Crayon Pop’s “Evolution Pop Vol. And I got to choose 1of 3 different POB, being a hologram, I believe I chose my bias, Sullyoon. POB thường đi kèm với các album của nghệ sĩ, nhóm nhạc K-POP. As of 2021, streaming and digital sales now account for almost $30 billion US dollars in revenue worldwide, while physical sales total just $5 billion USD. It is a way for fans to identify an idol’s hometown, and it is often used as a nickname. Tentu panggilan ini berupa panggilan informal. In fact even the term POB can be considered an abbreviation for Photo Book. P. The POB is a clever phrase. Step 5. Então, venho o nome Pob, p*tero, o bonde. — He’s from Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Here you will find one or more explanations in English for the word synnara. Specialization is a business technique that involves paying special attention to one or a few products in order to become more efficient. Originating in South Korea, K-pop draws influence from a range of genres like pop, experimental, rock, hip-hop, R&B, electronic, and dance. The group was formed through the survival show Wild Idol and consists of idols who already made their debut in the industry such as 24K's Changsun, We In the Zone's Jooan, Trei's Jaejun, Rainz' Sanghyuk, and NTX's. Your favorite K-Pop group has released a new merch line — awesome! But as you scroll through everything on offer, you may come across a term you’ve never heard before: “L-holder”. What is the POB Meaning Kpop Album? Meaning In Kpop Album (POB) is a mini photo book that. ₱2,479. The POB Meaning In Kpop Album, on the other hand, is largely a tiny photo book containing all of the band’s photographs. K-pop is the name of a pop music sensation that originated in. Buat kalian yang bukan penggemar Kpop pun mungkin masing asing dengan istilah POB. It’s used to set a deadline for a task that should be complete by the end of the business day -- typically 5:00 PM. YG SELECT Presents 2 Privileges Produced with Exclusive Undisclosed Images🌹. Pre-debut meaning in K-Pop. you get when pre-ordering an album. Sunoo (ENHYPEN) Profile & Facts. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. She is a member of the girl group (G)I-DLE. i see a lot of kpop groups have apple music pobs but idk where to get them haha. In aviation, the term “Persons on Board” (POB) refers to the total number of individuals present on an aircraft during a flight. premium online business (new york, ny) showing only business & finance definitions ( show all 50 definitions) note: we have 52 other definitions for pob in our acronym attic. Biasanya kamu akan mendapatkan 1 atau 2 buah POB. K-pop has a vast vocabulary of terms and expressions that characterize its daily fandom life, so let's start with the all-important "bias". pob. Aviation, Oilfield,. As we mentioned above, K-Pop is short for Korean Popular Music, and so you may be wondering what Koreans call K-Pop seen as that for Koreans ‘Korean pop music’ is just pop music. DOO - Deadline of Orders. The term “Kpop” is short for Korean Pop music. People are willing to spend money to get them. Rei (Korean: 레이; Japanese: レイ) is a Japanese rapper and singer under Starship Entertainment. intended for the popular taste, esp. @yourschaennie. The standard Kihno album comes in a package with a sleeve, a Kihno kit (the device itself) and a set of usually 12 photo cards. Lightstick adalah tongkat yang biasa digunakan untuk menunjukkan dukungan kepada idola saat konser berlangsung. 5. 99. Sunoo (선우) is a South Korean singer under Belift Lab. Last updated: Sep 11, 2021 • 5 min read. I'd be tempted to say no since Ktown4u makes you select the pre-order benefits separately on your order. ENHYPEN — Border: Carnival [Belift Lab] Sometimes an introduction to a song is so good that it’s a waste that it isn’t a full track. Whether it's a nickname. you have to wait for it to be restocked/updated on other sites while still in preorder. Low stock - 5 in stock, ready to ship. ˈkā-ˌpäp. With a majority of fandom spaces taking place online, it makes it that much harder to define fandom vocabulary. RIIZE (Korean: 라이즈; Japanese: ライズ) is a seven-member boy group under SM Entertainment. POB. – Less than 450 pg/mL for patients aged 75-99 years. 특히 대한민국 대중가요가. K-pop idol groups are a global phenomenon, with millions of diehard fans all over the world. K-pop Pop music Music comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A frausib • Additional comment actions. The group was formed through an Mnet survival show called Girls Planet 999. A compound word meaning to start deep-diving into something, Koreans use the term ipdeok when they become a fan of something (such as an idol group). Sonamoo — Literally meaning pine trees. Cartoon Postcard - Same as Limited Ver. You can buy from trusted KPOP online stores like KPOPTOWN, Ktown4u, Cokodive, Gmarket, and Yesasia. Buat kamu yang baru terjun dalam dunia ini, perlu banget tahu istilah-istilah tersebut dan maknanya. , another dentist, physician, or legal guardian) discuss the patient's dental needs and proposed treatment modalities. Others: Leaders/Centers/Face of the Group. What Does POB Mean in Kpop? As a result of the trend, a number of Kpop-specific terminology and phrases have evolved. Melting Point (stylized in all-caps) is the second mini album by ZEROBASEONE. POB Meaning. “BLITZERS” represents “with music and dance moves charging towards the world in a blitz. The Big 3 are the three K-pop entertainment companies which have historically been the largest and most successful: JYP Entertainment, SM Entertainment, and YG Entertainment. DOP - Deadline of Payment. Everything else is also a gamble, yes24 mini posters were consistently beautiful but they kinda failed this Evel. From Trainee To Bias: The Big 16 K-Pop Slang Terms To Know. Korea. Berikut kumpulan istilah Kpop beserta artinya: Debut: ketika suatu grup resmi terjun ke industri musik Kpop dan diperkenalkan ke publik. Dibandingkan dengan fans artis Indonesia atau Hollywood, para fans KPop ini jauh lebih fanatik. 2. $18 for an album is still more than $10. The sound is very energetic and fresh. With Romanization, English translations and member line distributions.